Multidirectional
(iterative)
Зачем? Функции.
* Action in general, a capacity to perform it, to know how to perform it, like performing it, etc.
- they often combine wih verbs such as любить, предпочитать, уметь, учиться.
- they denote movement in various directions, up and down, round and round, to and fro, backwards and forwards. The meaning of motion «around» or «about» is often expressed by по+дательный (dative) or with в/на+предложный if it indicates a nondirected motion «in a place»
- they denote habitual action, expressed as return journeys.
Примеры:
– Я хорошо бегаю на коньках (бегать, qualification of a general action)
I skate well
– Он предпочитает ходить пешком, она ездит а автобусе или в трамвае (ходить, ездить, with предпочитает, )
He prefers to walk, she goes by bus or tram.
– Я умею водить машину (водить, transitive verb, with уметь)
I know how to drive.
– В сарае летали белогрудные ласточки (летать, movement in various direction)
White-breasted swallows were flying about in the shed.
– Николай стал ходить по комнате (ходить, movement in various direction)
Nikolaj began to walk up and down the room.
– По воскресеньям мы будем ездить за город (ездить, habitual)
On Sundays we shall drive into the country.
– Я хожу в церковь (ходить, habit)
I go to chuch.
* Use of the past tense of a multidirectional verb to denote a single return journey
- the past tense (but never the present or future) can denote a single return journey – it can be a reply to the question Где ты был? = a roundtrip is needed
- sentences which refer to a return journey may also report what happened at the point of destination, between the outward and return legs of the trip.
- it is also used in interrogative and negative sentences which refer to return trips.
Примеры:
– На прошлой неделе она ездила в Лондон (ездить, one single trip back & forth)
Last week she went to London (and back).
– Она недавно возила детей в Нью-Йорк (возить, transitive verb, one single trip back & forth).
Recently she took the children to New York (and came back). Compare with: Она отвезла детей в Нью-Йорк (везти)
She took the children to New York (and returned alone).
– Пока я бегал за фотоаппаратом к машине, олень ушёл (бегать, motion to and fro once)
By the time I had run to the car for my camera the deer had gone. Compare with: пока я бежал where it means the subject was still running towards the car when the deer disappeared, since no return is implied in the unidirectional verb.
– Ходил с отцом в зоопарк и там катался на маленькой лошадке (ходить, what happened between the outward trip and return)
I went with my father to the zoo, where I had a ride on a little horse.
– Ты ходил в школу сегодня? (ходить, questions implying return trips)
Did you go to school today?
